Diabetes is a chronic condition, but it is one that many people successfully manage with the right care and support. For most patients, that care starts and continues in primary care. With regular visits, personalized treatment plans and ongoing education, primary care providers play a central role in helping people with diabetes stay healthy and avoid complications. 

Understanding Diabetes and Why It Matters

Diabetes affects how the body processes blood sugar (glucose), which is the main source of energy for cells. When blood sugar levels stay too high over time, they can damage blood vessels, nerves and organs. This increases the risk for heart disease, kidney disease, vision loss and other serious health problems.

There are different forms of diabetes, including Type1, Type 2 and gestational diabetes. While the causes vary, all forms of diabetes require long term management and consistent follow-up. That is where primary care makes a meaningful difference.

Common Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes

Some people have diabetes for years before they notice symptoms. Others experience changes more quickly. Common signs include:

• Increased thirst and frequent urination
• Fatigue or low energy
• Unintended weight loss or weight gain
• Blurry vision
• Slow healing cuts or frequent infections
• Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet

Because symptoms can be subtle, routine primary care visits and screening labs are often how diabetes is first diagnosed.

How Primary Care Manages Diabetes

Primary care providers are trained to manage diabetes at every stage, from early diagnosis to long term care. During regular visits, they work closely with patients to monitor blood sugar levels, review lab results and adjust treatment as needed.

Care often includes:

• Prescribing and adjusting medications such as insulin or other diabetes drugs
• Monitoring A1C levels and other key labs
• Supporting nutrition and physical activity goals
• Managing related conditions like high blood pressure or high cholesterol
• Screening for complications involving the eyes, kidneys and nerves

Primary care teams also help patients understand their condition. Education around blood sugar monitoring, nutrition, medication use and lifestyle changes is a core part of diabetes care.

Preventing Complications Through Ongoing Care

Diabetes management is not static. Needs change over time, which is why ongoing primary care visits are so important. Regular follow-up appointments allow providers to spot trends early and make adjustments before problems arise.

Primary care also focuses on prevention. This includes vaccinations, routine screenings and guidance on foot care, eye exams and kidney health. These steps reduce the risk of emergency department visits and hospitalizations.

When Specialists Are Part of the Plan

Most people with diabetes can be managed in primary care. Primary care providers also coordinate referrals to specialists such as endocrinologists, dietitians or diabetes educators. This team-based approach keeps care connected and patient centered.

A Long-Term Partnership for Better Health

Living with diabetes means thinking about health every day, but patients do not have to manage it alone. Primary care offers continuity, trust and a clear point of connection within the health system. With regular visits and a strong care plan, many people with diabetes are able to lead active, healthy lives while reducing the risk of long-term complications.

Schedule a primary care visit by finding a CU Medicine provider.

About the Co-Author

Dr. Kelet Robinson is an Associate Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at the University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, and the Medical Director for the Aurora Wellness Community Health Center. Along with educating people on their health conditions, she enjoys copy editing and a strong cup of tea.