Knee pain is one of the most common reasons people seek orthopedic care. It can develop suddenly after a sports injury or gradually over time from overuse, aging or underlying joint conditions. While many cases of knee pain improve with rest and self-care, some symptoms may signal a more serious problem that requires medical evaluation.

If you're wondering whether it's time to see a doctor for knee pain, understanding the warning signs can help you decide when to seek care. We spoke with orthopedic specialist Lisa Raaf, PA-C (Physician Assistant – Certified), about red flags for knee injuries, non-invasive procedures for knee pain and when surgery may be an option.

When Should You See a Doctor for Knee Pain?

“We see a lot of knee injuries here at the CU Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine – Steadman Hawkins Clinic Denver,” said Raaf. “Whether you’re a professional athlete, weekend warrior or your grandparent is complaining of knee pain, we treat it all.”

You should consider seeing a doctor for knee pain if:

• Your pain lasts more than a few weeks.
• Your knee is swollen, stiff or unstable.
• You have difficulty walking or bearing weight.
• Your knee locks, catches or gives out.
• You heard or felt a pop during an injury.
• Your symptoms are interfering with work, exercise, or daily activities.
  

Can Knee Pain Go Away on Its Own?

Yes, knee pain can go away on its own. Mild knee pain caused by overuse, increased activity or minor strains may improve with rest, ice, compression and elevation. Reducing activities that aggravate the joint can also help relieve symptoms.

“However, knee pain that persists, returns frequently or limits your activity level should not be ignored,” said Raaf. Some conditions, such as meniscus tears and ligament injuries may worsen without appropriate treatment.

If your symptoms are not improving or are affecting your quality of life, it's a good idea to schedule an evaluation with an orthopedic specialist.

hile minor strains and overuse injuries often improve with rest, persistent or worsening symptoms may indicate a torn meniscus, ACL tear, ligament or tendon injury, or aggravation of arthritis.

Could My Knee Pain Be a Torn Meniscus?

A torn meniscus is one of the most common knee injuries treated by orthopedic providers. “The meniscus is a C-shaped piece of cartilage that acts as a shock absorber in the knee joint.” said Raaf. You have one on the inside of your knee called the medial meniscus, and one on the outside of the knee called the lateral meniscus. 

Meniscus tears often occur during activities that involve twisting or pivoting. They can also develop gradually as the cartilage naturally wears down with age.

Common torn meniscus symptoms include:

• Pain along the inside or outside of the knee, particularly with twisting or hyperflexion
• Swelling
• Stiffness
• A catching or locking sensation
• Difficulty fully straightening or bending the knee
• A feeling that the knee may give out
  

What Are the Signs of a Torn ACL?

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the primary ligaments that stabilizes the knee. “ACL injuries are common in sports that involve jumping, cutting, pivoting or sudden changes in direction,” said Raaf.

Many people who tear their ACL report feeling or hearing a pop at the time of injury.

Signs of a torn ACL may include:

• A popping sensation during the injury
• Sudden knee pain and inability to continue activity 
• Rapid swelling within a few hours
• Knee instability
• Difficulty changing direction while walking or running
• A feeling that the knee may buckle
  

Not every ACL injury requires surgery. Treatment depends on factors such as age, activity level, lifestyle and personal goals. An orthopedic evaluation can help determine the most appropriate treatment plan.

Some minor tears may improve with conservative treatment, but persistent symptoms should be evaluated to prevent ongoing discomfort and joint problems.

Other Common Causes of Knee Pain

Meniscus tears and ACL injuries are common, but many other conditions can cause knee pain.

MCL and LCL Injuries

The medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) help stabilize the sides of the knee. These ligaments may be injured during sports, falls or direct contact to the leg.

Symptoms can include:

• Pain on the inside or outside of the knee
• Swelling
• Tenderness
• Instability
• Difficulty with side-to-side movement

Meniscus tears and ACL injuries are common, but many other conditions can cause knee pain.

Patellar Tendinitis

Patellar tendinitis, sometimes called jumper's knee, occurs when repeated stress irritates the tendon connecting the kneecap to the shinbone.

Symptoms often include:

• Pain below the kneecap
• Tenderness along the tendon
• Pain during running, jumping or climbing stairs
• Discomfort during physical activity

Runner's Knee

Runner's knee, also known as patellofemoral pain syndrome, causes pain around the front of the knee and is common among runners and active individuals.

Common symptoms include:

• Pain when walking up or down stairs
• Pain during running or exercise like squats and lunges
• Discomfort after sitting for long periods
• Aching around the kneecap

Knee Arthritis

Knee pain is not always caused by an injury. Osteoarthritis develops when cartilage gradually breaks down, leading to pain and stiffness.

Symptoms may include:

• Aching knee pain
• Morning stiffness
• Swelling
• Reduced range of motion
• Pain that worsens with activity

When Is Knee Pain an Emergency?

Most cases of knee pain are not emergencies, but some situations require immediate medical attention.

Seek care right away if you experience:

• A visibly deformed knee
• Inability to bear weight
• Severe swelling immediately after an injury
• Significant trauma from a fall or motor vehicle crash
• Fever, redness, warmth or other signs of infection
  

What Happens During an Orthopedic Evaluation?

Your provider will evaluate your symptoms, medical history, and activity level to determine what may be causing your knee pain.

Your visit may include:

• A physical examination
• Assessment of knee stability and range of motion
• Evaluation of swelling and tenderness
• Discussion of how and when symptoms began
• Imaging studies
  

Don't Ignore Persistent Knee Pain

Occasional soreness after activity is common, but ongoing knee pain is not something you should simply push through. Symptoms such as swelling, instability, locking, limited mobility or persistent discomfort may indicate an injury or condition that deserves medical attention.

The sooner a knee problem is properly evaluated, the sooner you can begin treatment and work toward returning to the activities you enjoy.

If your knee pain is affecting your daily life, sports participation or overall mobility, an orthopedic specialist can help identify the cause and recommend a treatment plan tailored to your needs.

Call 303-694-3333 to schedule an appointment at CU Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine – Steadman Hawkins Clinic Denver.

Learn more about Lisa Raaf, PA-C, by visiting her provider page here. 

“Imaging studies like x-ray are extremely helpful in the diagnosis of knee injuries to rule out fracture or bony abnormalities, check the alignment of your leg and assess severity of osteoarthritis” said Raaf. Depending on the diagnosis, treatment may include physical therapy, activity modification, medications, bracing, various types of injections, or surgical intervention.

Prompt treatment may help prevent additional damage and improve outcomes.